Canada is a country in North America.Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over 9.98 million square kilometres (3.85 million square miles), making it the world's second-largest country by total area.Its southern and western border with the United States, stretching 8,891 [264], Canada's economic integration with the United States has increased significantly since World War II. The earliest work of patriotic music in Canada, "The Bold Canadian", was written in 1812. [401][402] In Quebec, cultural identity is strong, and there is a French Canadian culture that is distinct from English Canadian culture. [320] Eightypercent of Canadian adults self-report having at least one major risk factor for chronic disease: smoking, physical inactivity, unhealthy eating or excessive alcohol use. WebCanada is a vast and rugged land. [140], Canada is divided into fifteen terrestrial and five marine ecozones. [116] Canada sent troops to Afghanistan in 2001 but declined to join the United Statesled invasion of Iraq in 2003. A house was sold without the owners' consent. [145] Over half of Canada's landscape is intact and relatively free of human development. [370] There are 11 Indigenous language groups, composed of more than 65 distinct languages and dialects. [324] Canada's per-capita spending on health expenditures ranked 4th among health-care systems in the OECD. [58] It re-established the French language, Catholic faith, and French civil law there, staving off the growth of an independence movement in contrast to the Thirteen Colonies. [172] Historically, the Liberal Party position themselves at the centre of the Canadian political spectrum,[173][174] with the Conservative Party positioned on the right and the New Democratic Party occupying the left. Find out what document you need to travel, visit family and friends, do business, or transit through Canada, and how to extend your stay. More details on the reporting schedule. [83], Because Britain still maintained control of Canada's foreign affairs under the British North America Act, 1867, its declaration of war in 1914 automatically brought Canada into World War I. [235] As this was the first UN peacekeeping mission, Pearson is often credited as the inventor of the concept. From east to west it stretches almost 4,700 miles (7,560 kilometers) across six time zones. Experience the beautiful campus and enriching community that makes Caada College the school for you! [474] Canadian teams in these leagues include seven franchises in the National Hockey League, as well as three Major League Soccer teams and one team in each of Major League Baseball and the National Basketball Association. [223] Canada joined the Organization of American States (OAS) in 1990 and hosted the OAS General Assembly in 2000 and the 3rd Summit of the Americas in 2001. More details on the reporting schedule. thng tin) cn gi l Gia N i) l quc gia c din tch ln th hai trn th gii, v nm cc bc ca Bc M. [79] This caused the collapse of the Plains Bison in western Canada and the introduction of European cattle farms and wheat fields dominating the land. [315] This mostly pays for services not covered or partially covered by Medicare, such as prescription drugs, dentistry and optometry. [376], Canada is religiously diverse, encompassing a wide range of beliefs and customs. Canada, the second largest country in the world in area (after Russia), occupying roughly the northern two-fifths of the continent of North America. [123] By land area alone, Canada ranks fourth, due to having the world's largest area of fresh water lakes. [454] The Group of Seven were painters with a nationalistic and idealistic focus, who first exhibited their distinctive works in May 1920. [462] The Canadian Music Hall of Fame, established in 1976, honours Canadian musicians for their lifetime achievements. [377] Freedom of religion in Canada is a constitutionally protected right, allowing individuals to assemble and worship without limitation or interference. [267] In the 1980s, Prime Minister Brian Mulroney's Progressive Conservatives abolished the NEP and changed the name of FIRA to Investment Canada to encourage foreign investment. [447] Historically, the Catholic Church was the primary patron of art in New France and early Canada, especially Quebec,[448] and in later times, artists have combined British, French, Indigenous and American artistic traditions, at times embracing European styles while working to promote nationalism. thng tin) cn gi l Gia N i) l quc gia c din tch ln th hai trn th gii, v nm cc bc ca Bc M. The country's head of government is the prime minister, who holds office by virtue of their ability to command the confidence of the elected House of Commons, and is appointed by the governor general, representing the monarch of Canada, the head of state. ", "Some Visual Aspects of the Monarchical Tradition", "Commission of Inquiry into the Investigation of the Bombing of Air India Flight 182", "Canada's Policy to Confront the Islamic State", "Catholic group to release all records from Marievel, Kamloops residential schools", "Canada and Denmark reach settlement over disputed Arctic island, sources say", "Changes in Temperature and Precipitation Across Canada; Chapter 4", "Introduction to the Ecological Land Classification (ELC) 2017", "Wild Species 2015: The General Status of Species in Canada", "Wild Species 2000: The General Status of Species in Canada", "State of Canada's Biodiversity Highlighted in New Government Report", "The Mountain Guide Banff National Park", "Algonquin Provincial Park Management Plan", "Spotlight on Marine Protected Areas in Canada", "Scott Islands Marine National Widllife Area", "Proposed Scott Islands Marine National Wildlife Area: regulatory strategy", Left/Right Ideology and Canadian Politics, "The baffling history of Canada's party system", "Canada's Secret to Resisting the West's Populist Wave", "What's actually standing in the way of right-wing populism in Canada? A. J. Casson became part of the group in 1926. [367] New Brunswick, the only officially bilingual province, has a French-speaking Acadian minority constituting 33 percent of the population. [42] French explorer Samuel de Champlain arrived in 1603 and established the first permanent year-round European settlements at Port Royal (in 1605) and Quebec City (in 1608). [460] Music broadcasting in the country is regulated by the CRTC. "They serve FranceHow can I serve Canada? [189] Canada's three territories also have legislatures, but these are not sovereign and have fewer constitutional responsibilities than the provinces. English and French are its official languages. [27], The desire for responsible government resulted in the abortive Rebellions of 1837. General elections in Canada must be called by the governor general, triggered by either the advice of the prime minister or a lost confidence vote in the House. Includes workplace eligibility, steps to apply, processing times, and what you need to do before you work in Canada. In my time at Caada College, I had the amazing opportunity to grow as a leader. [422][423] Canadian coins feature many of these symbols: the loon on the $1 coin, the Arms of Canada on the 50 piece, and the beaver on the nickel. [213] These treaties are agreements between the Canadian Crown-in-Council with the duty to consult and accommodate. [65] Infectious diseases killed between 25 and 33 percent of Europeans who immigrated to Canada before 1891. Canada is bordered by non-contiguous US state of Alaska in the northwest and by 12 other US states in the south. [106] The radical Front de libration du Qubec (FLQ) ignited the October Crisis with a series of bombings and kidnappings in 1970[107] and the sovereignist Parti Qubcois was elected in 1976, organizing an unsuccessful referendum on sovereignty-association in 1980. [135], Average winter and summer high temperatures across Canada vary from region to region. [188] To ensure the stability of government, the governor general will usually appoint as prime minister the individual who is the current leader of the political party that can obtain the confidence of a plurality in the House of Commons. To register, contact media@hrsdc-rhdcc.gc.ca with your name and media outlet before 10:00 a.m. EST on Thursday, January 19, 2023.Please indicate if attendance will be in-person or virtual. A booster dose can help strengthen our protection against severe forms of COVID-19 Report a problem or mistake on this page. Peace came in 1815; no boundaries were changed. [250], Canada has a highly developed mixed-market economy,[252][253] with the world's eighth-largest economy as of 2022[update], and a nominal GDP of approximately US$2.221trillion. [195], Canadian federalism divides government responsibilities between the federal government and the ten provinces. [359] In 1961, about 300,000 people, less than two percent of Canada's population, were members of visible minority groups. Canada is also bounded by the Arctic Ocean to the north, by the Atlantic Ocean to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration. Here's how to protect yourself. To register, contact media@hrsdc-rhdcc.gc.ca with your name and media outlet before 10:00 a.m. EST on Thursday, January 19, 2023.Please indicate if attendance will be in-person or virtual. WebCOVID-19 in Canada. [364] As of the 2021 Census, just over 7.8million Canadians listed a non-official language as their mother tongue. [444] In an effort to reduce the amount of foreign-made media, government interventions in television broadcasting can include both regulation of content and public financing. [321] Canada has one of the highest rates of adult obesity among Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, contributing to approximately 2.7million cases of diabetes (types 1 and 2 combined). [303] New immigrants settle mostly in major urban areas in the country, such as Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. This fact, coupled with the grandeur of the landscape, has been central to the sense of Canadian The federal Cabinet also appoints justices to superior courts in the provincial and territorial jurisdictions. [427] This progressed into three major themes that can be found within historical Canadian literature: nature, frontier life, and Canada's position within the world, all three of which tie into the garrison mentality. [407][408][409] Canadians also identify with the country's foreign aid policies, peacekeeping roles, the National park system and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. With an area of 9,984,670 square km, it is the worlds second-largest country by total area, falling behind Russia, and just beating out China and the United States. Canada is a country in the northern part of North America. [467], The roots of organized sports in Canada date back to the 1770s,[468] culminating in the development and popularization of the major professional games of ice hockey, lacrosse, curling, basketball, baseball, association football and Canadian football. Buy Victory Bonds". [18] The term Dominion was used to distinguish the federal government from the provinces, though after the Second World War the term federal had replaced dominion. The future of the permafrost is uncertain because the Arctic has been warming at three times the global average as a result of climate change in Canada. 4,524,782. [67] The signing of the Oregon Treaty by Britain and the United States in 1846 ended the Oregon boundary dispute, extending the border westward along the 49th parallel. [319] A 2016 report by the chief public health officer found that 88percent of Canadians, one of the highest proportions of the population among G7 countries, indicated that they "had good or very good health". WebInternet TLD. Its land reaches from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west. [430] By the 1990s, Canadian literature was viewed as some of the world's best. Chris Bolin/The Globe and Mail. [249] As the division of powers between the federal government and the provinces is defined in the constitution, any changes require a constitutional amendment. [205] The governor general appoints its nine members on the advice of the prime minister and minister of justice. [424] The penny, removed from circulation in 2013, featured the maple leaf. [132][133] There are also fresh-water glaciers in the Canadian Rockies, the Coast Mountains and the Arctic Cordillera. Together, the provinces collect more revenue than the federal government, a rarity among other federations in the world. The same poster in English, with subtle differences in text. English and French are its January 16, 2023, 3:32 p.m. EST. [18], After the successful American War of Independence, the 1783 Treaty of Paris recognized the independence of the newly formed United States and set the terms of peace, ceding British North American territories south of the Great Lakes and east of the Mississippi River to the new country. [216] Canada's foreign policy based on international peacekeeping and security is carried out through coalitions and international organizations, and through the work of numerous federal institutions. [125] Canada has over 2,000,000 lakes563 of which are larger than 100km2 (39sqmi)containing much of the world's fresh water. WebCanada is a vast and rugged land. [275], In 2019, Canada spent approximately $40.3billion on domestic research and development, of which over $7billion was provided by the federal and provincial governments. [372] Inuktitut is the majority language in Nunavut, and is one of three official languages in the territory. [196] The territorial legislatures also differ structurally from their provincial counterparts. [164][165], At the federal level, Canada has been dominated by two relatively centrist parties practising "brokerage politics",[a] the centre-left leaning Liberal Party of Canada and the centre-right leaning Conservative Party of Canada (or its predecessors). COVID-19 in Canada. [398][399] The official state policy of multiculturalism is often cited as one of Canada's significant accomplishments,[400] and a key distinguishing element of Canadian identity. Canada is a country to the north of the United States. This spring, Hudson's Bay Company is set to open Zellers stores inside 25 The Bay locations across Canada. [261] In 2018, Canada had a trade deficit in goods of $22billion and a trade deficit in services of $25billion. Last updated on October 19th, 2022. [105], At the same time, Quebec underwent profound social and economic changes through the Quiet Revolution of the 1960s, giving birth to a secular nationalist movement. [298] The main drivers of population growth are immigration and, to a lesser extent, natural growth. The Arctic Ocean is to the north of Canada. The Province of Canada (or the United Province of Canada or the United Canadas) was a British colony in British North America from 1841 to 1867. WebApply to travel, study, work or immigrate to Canada, apply for citizenship, a permanent resident card or refugee protection, check the status of your application or find a form. [242] Canada's total military expenditure is expected to reach $32.7billion by 2027. [338] Four universities are regularly ranked among the top 100 world-wide, namely University of Toronto, University of British Columbia, McGill University and McMaster University, with a total of 18 universities ranked in the top 500 worldwide. The Province of Canada (or the United Province of Canada or the United Canadas) was a British colony in British North America from 1841 to 1867. WebCanada. [475], Canada has enjoyed success both at the Winter Olympics and at the Summer Olympics,[476] though particularly the Winter Games as a "winter sports nation", and has hosted several high-profile international sporting events such as the 1976 Summer Olympics,[477] the 1988 Winter Olympics,[478] the 2010 Winter Olympics[479][480] and the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup. [436][437] The Broadcasting Act declares "the system should serve to safeguard, enrich and strengthen the cultural, political, social and economic fabric of Canada". WebLearn about Canadas response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Contracts with government. [89] In response to the downturn, the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) in Saskatchewan introduced many elements of a welfare state (as pioneered by Tommy Douglas) in the 1940s and 1950s. Despite Canadas great size, it is one of the worlds most sparsely populated countries. [144] About 65 percent of Canada's resident species are considered "Secure". This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom. The primary characteristics of Canadian humour are irony, parody, and satire. With an area of 9,984,670 square km, it is the worlds second-largest country by total area, falling behind Russia, and just beating out China and the United States. Indigenous peoples have continuously inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years. [424], Canadian literature is often divided into French- and English-language literatures, which are rooted in the literary traditions of France and Britain, respectively. Sell your goods or services to the government See the State Departments travel website for the Worldwide Caution and Travel Advisories. [206], Common law prevails everywhere except in Quebec, where civil law predominates. January 16, 2023, 3:32 p.m. EST. [308] The most densely populated part of the country, accounting for nearly 50 percent, is the Quebec CityWindsor Corridor in Southern Quebec and Southern Ontario along the Great Lakes and the Saint Lawrence River. As much a piece of history as a natural wonder, Canadas. [382][383][384][385] The majority of Canadians consider religion to be unimportant in their daily lives,[386] but still believe in God. The Programme for International Student Assessment indicates Canadian students perform well above the OECD average, particularly in mathematics, science, and reading,[345][346] ranking the overall knowledge and skills of Canadian 15-year-olds as the sixth-best in the world, although these scores have been declining in recent years. One of North Americas largest urban green spaces, Stanley Park is revered for its dramatic forest-and-mountain oceanfront views. ", "The Governor General of Canada: Roles and Responsibilities", "House of Commons Procedure and Practice: Parliamentary Institutions", "The Opposition in a Parliamentary System", "Government and Canada's 41st Parliament: Questions and Answers", "Difference between Canadian Provinces and Territories", "Differences from Provincial Governments", "Keeping Canada and Our Communities Safe and Secure", Aboriginal roundtable on Kelowna Accord: Aboriginal policy negotiations 20042006, "Plans at a glance and operating context", "Millennium Development Goals: A sprint to 2015 and the way forward", "Torture by Army Peacekeepers in Somalia Shocks Canada", "Russia claims North Pole with Arctic flag stunt", "Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2021", Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, "More soldiers, ships and planes for military in Liberal defence plan", "Evolution of the world's 25 top trading nations Share of global exports of goods (%), 19782020", United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, "Who owns whom? Includes workplace eligibility, steps to apply, processing times, and what you need to do before you work in Canada. Call us in Washington, D.C. at 1-888-407-4747 (toll-free in the United States and Canada) or 1-202-501-4444 (from all other countries) from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., Eastern Standard Time, Monday through Friday (except U.S. federal holidays). [309] Life expectancy is 81.1 years. [214] The role of Aboriginal law and the rights they support were reaffirmed by section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982. [222] Canada acceded to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights in 1976. [207] Criminal law is solely a federal responsibility and is uniform throughout Canada. Moving between provinces. [450], The Canadian government has played a role in the development of Canadian culture through the department of Canadian Heritage, by giving grants to art galleries,[451] as well as establishing and funding art schools and colleges across the country, and through the Canada Council for the Arts (established in 1957), the national public arts funder, helping artists, art galleries and periodicals, and thus contributing to the development of Canada's cultural works. WebCanada has ten provinces and three territories that are sub-national administrative divisions under the jurisdiction of the Canadian Constitution.In the 1867 Canadian Confederation, three provinces of British North AmericaNew Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and the Province of Canada (which upon Confederation was divided into Ontario and Quebec)united to Stanley Park. [46][47], In 1583, Sir Humphrey Gilbert, by the royal prerogative of Queen Elizabeth I, founded St. John's, Newfoundland, as the first North American English seasonal camp. [266] In the 1970s, concerns over energy self-sufficiency and foreign ownership in the manufacturing sectors prompted Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau's Liberal government to enact the National Energy Program (NEP) and the Foreign Investment Review Agency (FIRA). [438] Canada has a well-developed media sector, but its cultural outputparticularly in English films, television shows, and magazinesis often overshadowed by imports from the United States. [373], Additionally, Canada is home to many sign languages, some of which are Indigenous. [150] Canada's first National Park, Banff National Park established in 1885, spans 6,641 square kilometres (2,564sqmi)[151] of mountainous terrain, with many glaciers and ice fields, dense coniferous forest, and alpine landscapes. [61] To accommodate the influx of English-speaking Loyalists in Central Canada, the Constitutional Act of 1791 divided the province of Canada into French-speaking Lower Canada (later Quebec) and English-speaking Upper Canada (later Ontario), granting each its own elected legislative assembly. .ca. January 16, 2023, 3:32 p.m. EST. [337] The largest university is the University of Toronto with over 85,000 students. As much a piece of history as a natural wonder, Canadas. [328] An increasing problem in Canada's health system is a lack of healthcare professionals. Canada is also bounded by the Arctic Ocean to the north, by the Atlantic Ocean to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. The border of Canada with the US is the longest bi-national land border in the world. [137], Much of Northern Canada is covered by ice and permafrost. It is the second largest country in the world, but it has only one-half of one percent of the world's population. [361] In 2021, India, China, and the Philippines were the top three countries of origin for immigrants moving to Canada. [276] As of 2020[update], the country has produced fifteen Nobel laureates in physics, chemistry, and medicine,[277] and was ranked fourth worldwide for scientific research quality in a major 2012 survey of international scientists. [232][233] During the Cold War, Canada was a major contributor to UN forces in the Korean War and founded the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) in cooperation with the United States to defend against potential aerial attacks from the Soviet Union. [452] Since the 1950s, works of Inuit art have been given as gifts to foreign dignitaries by the Canadian government. It is the second largest country in the world, but it has only one-half of one percent of the world's population. The Province of Canada (or the United Province of Canada or the United Canadas) was a British colony in British North America from 1841 to 1867. To register, contact media@hrsdc-rhdcc.gc.ca with your name and media outlet before 10:00 a.m. EST on Thursday, January 19, 2023.Please indicate if attendance will be in-person or virtual. 49,871. [134] Canada is geologically active, having many earthquakes and potentially active volcanoes, notably Mount Meager massif, Mount Garibaldi, Mount Cayley, and the Mount Edziza volcanic complex. [13] By the 1950s, the term Dominion of Canada was no longer used by the United Kingdom, which considered Canada a "Realm of the Commonwealth". ", "2015 federal budget 'disappointing' for post-secondary students: CFS", "Academic Ranking of World Universities 2019: Canada", "Government expenditure on education as% of GDP (%)", "Financial and human resources invested in Education", "Comparing countries' and economies' performances", "Canadian education among best in the world: OECD", "Canada Student performance (PISA 2015)", "The Canadian census: A rich portrait of the country's religious and ethnocultural diversity", "Ethnic or cultural origin by gender and age: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts", "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Canada [Country] Total Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households 25% sample data", "The Daily The Canadian census: A rich portrait of the country's religious and ethnocultural diversity", "The Daily Indigenous population continues to grow and is much younger than the non-Indigenous population, although the pace of growth has slowed", "Visible Minorities and Aboriginal Peoples in Vancouver's Labour Market", "The Daily Immigrants make up the largest share of the population in over 150 years and continue to shape who we are as Canadians", "2021 Annual Report to Parliament on Immigration", Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, "2006 Census: The Evolving Linguistic Portrait, 2006 Census: Highlights", Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages, International Journal of the Sociology of Language, "Indigenous Self-Determination: Is Canada as Good as it Gets? From north to south it spans more than half the Northern Hemisphere. In my time at Caada College, I had the amazing opportunity to grow as a leader. [465] The official national anthem, "O Canada", was originally commissioned by the lieutenant governor of Quebec, Thodore Robitaille, for the 1880 St. Jean-Baptiste Day ceremony and was officially adopted in 1980. WebVisit our Campus. This widening autonomy was highlighted by the Statute of Westminster 1931 and culminated in the Canada Act 1982, which severed the vestiges of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom. [430], Numerous Canadian authors have accumulated international literary awards,[431] including novelist, poet, and literary critic Margaret Atwood, who received two Booker Prizes;[432] Nobel laureate Alice Munro, who has been called the best living writer of short stories in English;[433] and Booker Prize recipient Michael Ondaatje, who wrote the novel The English Patient, which was adapted as a film of the same name that won the Academy Award for Best Picture. [349][350] Statistics Canada reports that 35.5percent of the population reported multiple ethnic origins, thus the overall total is greater than 100percent. It is the worlds second-largest country by total area, although as a whole the country is sparsely populated. [124] Stretching from the Atlantic Ocean in the east, along the Arctic Ocean to the north, and to the Pacific Ocean in the west, the country encompasses 9,984,670km2 (3,855,100sqmi) of territory. A fuel pump is seen in a car at a gas station in Toronto April 22, 2014. [414], Themes of nature, pioneers, trappers, and traders played an important part in the early development of Canadian symbolism. It is dominated by old-growth forest with over 2,400 lakes and 1,200 kilometres of streams and rivers. [95], Canada's post-war economic growth, combined with the policies of successive Liberal governments, led to the emergence of a new Canadian identity, marked by the adoption of the Maple Leaf Flag in 1965,[96] the implementation of official bilingualism (English and French) in 1969,[97] and the institution of official multiculturalism in 1971. WebCanada. Everyone has the following fundamental freedoms: The practice of religion is generally considered a private matter throughout society and the state. The Arctic Ocean is to the north of Canada. [403] As a whole, Canada is in theory a cultural mosaic of regional ethnic subcultures. [62], The Canadas were the main front in the War of 1812 between the United States and the United Kingdom. In Ontario, French has some legal status, but is not fully co-official. [426] The earliest Canadian narratives were of travel and exploration. Total cases. Other popular professional competitions include the Canadian Football League, National Lacrosse League, the Canadian Premier League, and the various curling tournaments sanctioned and organized by Curling Canada. [457] Canada has developed a vast music infrastructure that includes church halls, chamber halls, conservatories, academies, performing arts centres, record companies, radio stations and television music video channels. [425] An image of the previous monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, appears on $20 bank notes, and on the obverse of all current Canadian coins. [336] Established in 1663, Universit Laval is the oldest post-secondary institution in Canada. [236] Canada has since served in over 50 peacekeeping missions, including every UN peacekeeping effort until 1989,[85] and has since maintained forces in international missions in Rwanda, the former Yugoslavia, and elsewhere; Canada has sometimes faced controversy over its involvement in foreign countries, notably in the 1993 Somalia affair. Canada is also bounded by the Arctic Ocean to the north, by the Atlantic Ocean to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. [59] The Proclamation and the Quebec Act in turn angered many residents of the Thirteen Colonies, further fuelling anti-British sentiment in the years prior to the American Revolution. [68] The Anglo-Russian Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1825) established the border along the Pacific coast, but, even after the US Alaska Purchase of 1867, disputes continued about the exact demarcation of the AlaskaYukon and AlaskaBC border. [12], Upon Confederation in 1867, Canada was adopted as the legal name for the new country at the London Conference, and the word Dominion was conferred as the country's title. A fuel pump is seen in a car at a gas station in Toronto April 22, 2014. Alberta and Saskatchewan became provinces in 1905. [122], By total area (including its waters), Canada is the second-largest country in the world, after Russia. Ontario. [469] Canada's official national sports are ice hockey and lacrosse. [115] Canada also joined the Gulf War in 1990 as part of a United Statesled coalition force and was active in several peacekeeping missions in the 1990s, including the UNPROFOR mission in the former Yugoslavia. [212] These rights may include provision of services, such as health care through the Indian Health Transfer Policy, and exemption from taxation. It is the worlds second-largest country by total area, although as a whole the country is sparsely populated. [109][110] A second referendum followed in 1995, in which sovereignty was rejected by a slimmer margin of 50.6 to 49.4 percent. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over 9.98million square kilometres (3.85million square miles), making it the world's second-largest country by total area. Ontario. [119] The COVID-19 pandemic in Canada began on January 27, 2020, with wide social and economic disruption. [240][b] In 2021, Canada's military expenditure totalled approximately $26.4billion, or around 1.3percent of the country's gross domestic product (GDP). Indigenous peoples are not considered a visible minority in Statistics Canada calculations. They were joined briefly by Frank Johnston and by commercial artist Franklin Carmichael. [86] The Conscription Crisis of 1917 erupted when the Unionist Cabinet's proposal to augment the military's dwindling number of active members with conscription was met with vehement objections from French-speaking Quebecers. Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy in the Westminster tradition. [56] To avert conflict in Quebec, the British Parliament passed the Quebec Act 1774, expanding Quebec's territory to the Great Lakes and Ohio Valley. [120] In 2021, the remains of hundreds of Indigenous people were discovered near the former sites of Canadian Indian residential schools. [258] The country's average household disposable income per capita is "well above" the OECD average. [20], The first inhabitants of North America are generally hypothesized to have migrated from Siberia by way of the Bering land bridge and arrived at least 14,000 years ago. Despite Canadas great size, it is one of the worlds most sparsely populated countries. All judges at the superior and appellate levels are appointed after consultation with non-governmental legal bodies. Canada is a country in North America. [238] In August 2007, Canada's territorial claims in the Arctic were challenged after a Russian underwater expedition to the North Pole; Canada has considered that area to be sovereign territory since 1925. [453], Canadian visual art has been dominated by figures such as painter Tom Thomson and by the Group of Seven. [470] Other sports such as volleyball, skiing, cycling, swimming, badminton, tennis, bowling and the study of martial arts are all widely enjoyed at the youth and amateur levels. [60] The American war of independence also caused a large out-migration of Loyalists, the settlers who had fought against American independence. [162][163] Peace, order, and good government, alongside an Implied Bill of Rights, are founding principles of the Canadian government. [181][182][183][184] The reigning monarch is KingCharles III, who is also monarch of 14 other Commonwealth countries and each of Canada's 10 provinces. [441] The largest of these corporations is the country's national public broadcaster, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, which also plays a significant role in producing domestic cultural content, operating its own radio and TV networks in both English and French. This spring, Hudson's Bay Company is set to open Zellers stores inside 25 The Bay locations across Canada. [434] L. M. Montgomery produced a series of children's novels beginning in 1908 with Anne of Green Gables. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}60N 110W / 60N 110W / 60; -110. [356] One out of every four Canadians or 26.5percent of the population belonged to a non-White and non-Indigenous visible minority,[357][d] the largest of which in 2021 were South Asian (2.6 million people; 7.1percent), Chinese (1.7 million; 4.7percent) and Black (1.5 million; 4.3percent). Call us in Washington, D.C. at 1-888-407-4747 (toll-free in the United States and Canada) or 1-202-501-4444 (from all other countries) from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., Eastern Standard Time, Monday through Friday (except U.S. federal holidays). From east to west it stretches almost 4,700 miles (7,560 kilometers) across six time zones. [138] Canada's annual average temperature over land has warmed by 1.7C (3.1F), with changes ranging from 1.1 to 2.3C (2.0 to 4.1F) in various regions, since 1948. [93], The financial crisis of the Great Depression had led the Dominion of Newfoundland to relinquish responsible government in 1934 and become a Crown colony ruled by a British governor. ", "Consolidated federal laws of canada, THE CONSTITUTION ACTS, 1867 to 1982", "Religion by visible minority and generation status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts", "The Daily 2011 National Household Survey: Immigration, place of birth, citizenship, ethnic origin, visible minorities, language and religion", Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs, "Sikh Community Profile Infographic English", "A literature review of Public Opinion Research on Canadian attitudes towards multiculturalism and immigration, 20062009", "The mother beaver Collection Profiles", "Canada in the Making: Pioneers and Immigrants", "Maple Leaf Tartan becomes official symbol", Disruption: Change and churning in Canada's media landscape, "Freedom of expression and media freedom", "Putting a spotlight on Canada's Artistic Heritage", "Canadian sport participation Most frequently played sports in Canada (2010)", "Why Toronto should get excited about the Pan Am Games", "World Cup 2026: Canada, US & Mexico joint bid wins right to host tournament", Canadiana: The National Bibliography of Canada, Official website of the Government of Canada, Official website of the Governor General of Canada, Official website of the Prime Ministers of Canada, Canada's official website for travel and tourism, International Council for Canadian Studies, World Wars and Interwar Years (19141945), Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Commonwealth Secretariat Member Countries, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canada&oldid=1134353852, English-speaking countries and territories, Former British colonies and protectorates in the Americas, French-speaking countries and territories, Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations, Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, States and territories established in 1867, Articles containing potentially dated statements from November 2018, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in Canadian English, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles containing Laurentian-language text, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2022, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2020, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2014, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 18 January 2023, at 07:44. Attempts to accommodate Quebec nationalism constitutionally through the Meech Lake Accord failed in 1990. [192], Each of the 338 members of Parliament in the House of Commons is elected by simple plurality in an electoral district or riding. [131] Boreal forests prevail throughout the country, ice is prominent in northern Arctic regions and through the Rocky Mountains, and the relatively flat Canadian Prairies in the southwest facilitate productive agriculture. [139] In the southern regions of Canada, air pollution from both Canada and the United Statescaused by metal smelting, burning coal to power utilities, and vehicle emissionshas resulted in acid rain, which has severely impacted waterways, forest growth and agricultural productivity in Canada. [287][291], The Canadian Space Agency operates a highly active space program, conducting deep-space, planetary, and aviation research, and developing rockets and satellites. [264][271] Atlantic Canada possesses vast offshore deposits of natural gas, and Alberta also hosts large oil and gas resources. [461] The Canadian Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences presents Canada's music industry awards, the Juno Awards, which were first awarded in 1970. Canada is a country in the northern part of North America. Some of the most common non-official first languages include Mandarin (679,255 first-language speakers), Punjabi (666,585), Cantonese (553,380), Spanish (538,870), Arabic (508,410), Tagalog (461,150), Italian (319,505), and German (272,865). [14] The government of Louis St. Laurent ended the practice of using Dominion in the statutes of Canada in 1951. Provincial legislatures are unicameral and operate in parliamentary fashion similar to the House of Commons. WebApply to travel, study, work or immigrate to Canada, apply for citizenship, a permanent resident card or refugee protection, check the status of your application or find a form. 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