Boys' uniforms usually consist of trousers and white shirts, and girls wear skirts and white shirts (this only applies in middle schools and high schools). ", "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity Supplementary Material", "Corruption Perceptions Index 2018 Executive Summary p.8", United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, "World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100", "Population Projections for Provinces (2013~2040)", "South Korea is facing a crisis of extinction and it's not due to North's nukes", "Korea marks first-ever decline in registered population", "Summary of Census Population (by administrative district/sex/age)", "More Than 1 Million Foreigners Live in Korea (According to the article, approximately 443,566 people are considered to be Chinese residents in South Korea with Korean ethnicity. Several Korean players have gone on to play in Major League Baseball. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. has achieved a remarkably high level of economic growth and is now the United States' sixth-largest goods trading partner with a trillion-dollar economy. [202][203] Former South Korean hagwon teacher Se-Woong Koo wrote that the South Korean education system amounts to child abuse and that it should be "reformed and restructured without delay". The Constitution went into effect on 1 January 1960. [353] South Korea has sought the assistance of foreign countries such as Russia through MTCR commitments to supplement its restricted domestic rocket technology. [326] Individuals with a minimum of 10 years covered under the national pension scheme and who are 60 years of age are able to be covered under a 'reduced old-age pension' scheme. After an ebb and flow that saw both sides facing defeat with massive losses among Korean civilians in both the north and the south, the war eventually reached a stalemate. Every 15th day of the 8th lunar month, Koreans celebrate the Midautumn Festival, in which Koreans visit their ancestral hometowns and eat a variety of traditional Korean foods. [231] On 27 May 2009, North Korean media declared that the Armistice is no longer valid because of the South Korean government's pledge to "definitely join" the Proliferation Security Initiative. Is South Africa a sovereign state? The central government may create (or abolish) administrative divisions (sub-national units). South Korea's efforts to build an indigenous space launch vehicle have been marred due to persistent political pressure from the United States, who had for many decades hindered South Korea's indigenous rocket and missile development programs[352] in fear of their possible connection to clandestine military ballistic missile programs, which Korea many times insisted did not violate the research and development guidelines stipulated by US-Korea agreements on restriction of South Korean rocket technology research and development. The U.S. troops, which are primarily ground and air units, are assigned to USFK and mainly assigned to the Eighth United States Army of the U.S. Army and Seventh Air Force of the U.S. Air Force. Jeju-do is about 100 kilometers (62 miles) off the southern coast of South Korea. Despite the South Korean economy's high growth potential and apparent structural stability, the country suffers damage to its credit rating in the stock market because of the belligerence of North Korea in times of deep military crises, which has an adverse effect on South Korean financial markets. The Korean Peninsula was inhabited as early as the Lower Paleolithic period. [314] South Korea is also preparing to bid on construction of a light-water nuclear reactor for Argentina. [citation needed] To further complicate and intensify strains between the two nations, the sinking of the South Korean warship Cheonan in March 2010 was affirmed by the South Korean government[232] to have been caused by a North Korean torpedo, which the North denies. Many K-pop acts have also been able to secure a strong overseas following using online social media platforms such as the video sharing website YouTube. "While less than 100 Koreans in America enlisted in the US military during World WarII, more than 100,000 Koreans served in the Japanese army as officers and soldiers. Global AIDS Coordinator and Global Health Diplomacy, Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs, Special Representative for Syria Engagement, U.S. Security Coordinator for Israel and the Palestinian Authority, Office of the U.S. [223] It also has the third highest health adjusted life expectancy in the world.[224]. TOURIST VISA REQUIRED: Yes - visa or Korean Electronic Travel Authorization (K-ETA) as of September 1, 2021. The average annual precipitation varies from 1,370 millimeters (54in) in Seoul to 1,470 millimeters (58in) in Busan. The president Moon Jae-in pledged to reduce greenhouse gas emissions which contribute to climate change to zero in 2050. Read the country information page for additional information on travel to South Korea. Its southern tip lies on the Korea Strait and the East China Sea. Between 1592 and 1598, Toyotomi Hideyoshi launched invasions of Korea, but his advance was halted by Korean forces (most notably the Joseon Navy led by Admiral Yi Sun-sin and his renowned "turtle ship") with assistance from Righteous Army militias formed by Korean civilians, and Ming dynasty Chinese troops. [403] Also in 1982, at the Baseball Worldcup, Korea won the gold medal. [241] In 2007, a free trade agreement known as the Republic of Korea-United States Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA) was signed between South Korea and the United States, but its formal implementation was repeatedly delayed, pending approval by the legislative bodies of the two countries. If there is a number, such as "One", you may apply for entry one time . Most of the National Treasures of South Korea are Buddhist artifacts. [209] Other religions include Islam (130,000 Muslims, mostly migrant workers from Pakistan and Bangladesh but including some 35,000 Korean Muslims[211]), the homegrown sect of Won Buddhism, and a variety of indigenous religions, including Cheondoism (a Confucianizing religion), Jeungsanism, Daejongism, Daesun Jinrihoe, and others. It is a unitary state, containing forty-seven administrative divisions, with the Emperor as its Head of State. The Deep State and The Unitary Executive by . Major U.S. firms have long been leading investors, while the R.O.K.s top firms have made significant investments in the U.S. "[259], The European Union (EU) and South Korea are important trading partners, having negotiated a free trade agreement for many years since South Korea was designated as a priority FTA partner in 2006. It has also developed links with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations as both a member of ASEAN Plus three, a body of observers, and the East Asia Summit (EAS). [248], Korea and Japan have had difficult relations since ancient times, but also significant cultural exchange, with Korea acting as the gateway between Asia and Japan. Korean New Year's Day, or "Seollal", is celebrated on the first day of the Korean lunar calendar. The new official name has its origin in the ancient kingdom of Gojoseon (2333 BCE). [325], South Korea's old-age pension scheme covers individuals age 60 or older for the rest of their life as long as they have satisfied the minimum of 20 years of national pension coverage beforehand. [316] The US has recently been wary of South Korea's burgeoning nuclear program, which South Korea insists will be for civilian use only. XVI E XVII", "Cartas de Afonso de Albuquerque, vol. It has a population of 51.75 million, of which roughly half live in the Seoul Capital Area, the fourth most populous metropolitan area in the world. [286] South Korea's economy was one of the world's fastest-growing from the early 1960s to the late 1990s, and was still one of the fastest-growing developed countries in the 2000s, along with Hong Kong, Singapore and Taiwan, the other three Asian Tigers. Following China's entry into the war on behalf of North Korea later that year, a stalemate ensued for the . It was later suppressed throughout much of the subsequent history under the unified kingdom of Joseon (13921897), which officially adopted a strict Korean Confucianism. According to the 2015 census, 27.6% of the population were Christians (19.7% identified themselves as Protestants, 7.9% as Roman Catholics) and 15.5% were Buddhists. ", "South Korea's Education Success Has a Dark Side", "Why South Korea Is So Fixated With the College-Entrance Exam", "Vocational Education and Training in Korea: Achieving the Enhancement of National Competitiveness", "Drive for education drives South Korean families into the red", "South Korean education ranks high, but it's the kids who pay", "South Koreans Consider The Trades Over University Education", "Korea Awash with the Under-Skilled and Overeducated", "High performance, high pressure in South Korea's education system", "South Korea's schools: Long days, high results", "The Pressures of the South Korean Education System", "Korea: Overview of the Education System (EAG 2019)", "South Korean students wracked with stress", "Intensely Competitive Education In South Korea Leads to Education Fever", "The All-Work, No-Play Culture Of South Korean Education", "Korea's Rigorous Education System Has Delivered Growth, but It is Literally Killing the Country's Youth", "Over 3 Million Highly Educated People Unemployed", "Lee calls for end to prejudices against non-college graduates", "S Korea's vocational education needs to tackle its shortcomings", "Global Index of Religiosity and Atheism 2012", "Christianity, Shamanism, and Modernization in South Korea", Health at a Glance 2015 |OECD READ edition, "Revealed: Countries With The Best Health Care Systems, 2019 > CEOWORLD magazine", "Suicide rates, age standardized Data by country", "Life expectancy increased by 5 years since 2000, but health inequalities persist", "WHO World Health Statistics 2016: Monitoring health for the SDGs", "Can North Korea get South to join dispute with Japan over two islands in Asia? A team in the Korea Institute of Industrial Technology developed the first Korean android, EveR-1 in May 2006. On 10 May 2022, Yoon Suk-yeol was sworn in as South Korea's new president to succeed Moon. [159], The population has also been shaped by international migration. The South Korean Army has 2,500 tanks in operation, including the K1A1 and K2 Black Panther, which form the backbone of the South Korean army's mechanized armor and infantry forces. It has been praised for various reasons, including its comparatively high test results and its major role in generating South Korea's economic development, creating one of the world's most educated workforces. [307], South Korea is the third highest ranked Asian country in the World Economic Forum's Network Readiness Index (NRI) after Singapore and Hong Kong respectively an indicator for determining the development level of a country's information and communication technologies. Following the Armistice, South Korea and the U.S. agreed to a "Mutual Defense Treaty", under which an attack on either party in the Pacific area would summon a response from both. Other well-known dishes are Bulgogi (), grilled marinated beef; Gimbap (); and Tteokbokki (), a spicy snack consisting of rice cake seasoned with gochujang or a spicy chili paste. [152][153], A centralized administration in South Korea oversees the process for the education of children from kindergarten to the third and final year of high school. After Goryeo was replaced by Joseon in 1392, Joseon became the official name for the entire territory, though it was not universally accepted. [217] It soon became a dominant religion in the southeastern kingdom of Silla, the region that hitherto hosts the strongest concentration of Buddhists in South Korea. A fully functioning UN Command is at the top of the chain of command of all forces in South Korea, including the U.S. forces and the entire South Korean military if a sudden escalation of war between North and South Korea were to occur the United States would assume control of the South Korean armed forces in all military and paramilitary moves. The first direct election was also held in 1948. It constitutes the southern part of the Korean Peninsulaand shares a land borderwith North Korea. The Korea Republic national team (as it is known) has qualified for every World Cup since Mexico 1986, and has broken out of the group stage twice: first in 2002, and again in 2010, when it was defeated by eventual semi-finalist Uruguay in the Round of 16. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}36N 128E / 36N 128E / 36; 128. There are 9 provinces in South Korea: North Chungcheong, South Chungcheong, Gangwon, Gyeonggi, North Gyeongsang, South Gyeongsang, North Jeolla, South Jeolla, and Jeju Special Self-Governing Province . [369] Korean pottery and porcelain, such as Joseon's baekja and buncheong, and Goryeo's celadon are well known throughout the world. This category comprises retirees who voluntarily choose to have additional benefits, individuals under the age of 27 without income, and individuals whose spouses are covered under a public welfare system, whether military, governmental, or private school teacher pensions. )", "US Soldiers in Korea Negative About Rotation to Middle East", "Foreign Teachers Unenthusiastic Over Culture Course", "Childbirths in S. Korea grow 5.7 pct in 2010", "South Korea's fertility rate is the lowest in the world", "S. Korea's childbirth tally drops to another historic low in October", "Fertility rate dips below 1 in 2018: official", Life expectancy at birth, total (years) |Data |Table, "South Korea Now Open For Foreign Students", "What the world can learn from the latest PISA test results", "South Korea: Kids, Stop Studying So Hard! Korean cuisine usually involves heavy seasoning with sesame oil, doenjang (), a type of fermented soybean paste, soy sauce, salt, garlic, ginger, and gochujang (), a hot pepper paste. Despite the initial plan of a unified Korea in the 1943 Cairo Declaration, escalating Cold War antagonism between the Soviet Union and the United States eventually led to the establishment of separate governments, each with its own ideology, leading to the division of Korea into two political entities in 1948: North Korea and South Korea. The schedules are not uniformly standardized and vary from school to school. [382], In addition to domestic consumption, South Korea has a thriving entertainment industry where various facets of South Korean entertainment, including television dramas, films, and popular music, has generated significant financial revenues for the nation's economy. "M" means multiple times. South Korea, Officially Known As Federal Republic Of Korea (Hangul: [Romaja: Daehan Yeonbang Gonghwaguk]) (Spanish: Repblica Federal de Corea) Is A Sovereign State In East Asia, constituing the Southern Part Of Korean Peninsula. Relations thawed gradually and South Korea and the PRC re-established formal diplomatic relations on 24 August 1992. [32][33] Gojoseon was noted in Chinese records in the early 7th century. Number of Entries: The number of times you may seek entry into the United States with that visa. In the South, Syngman Rhee, an opponent of communism, who had been backed and appointed by the United States as head of the provisional government, won the first presidential elections of the newly declared Republic of Korea in May. Wakabayashi, Daisuke; Park Sungha (24 March 2009). [180][181] The country is well known for its highly feverish outlook on education, where its national obsession with education has been called "education fever". A unitary state only exercises the powers that the central government decides to delegate. "Seoul: S Korea looks forward to its own party,". Lowlands, located primarily in the west and southeast, make up only 30% of the total land area. There has been long-term agreement between the United States and South Korea that South Korea should eventually assume the lead for its own defense. During the first 20 years of South Korea's growth surge, little effort was made to preserve the environment. [290][291] The International Monetary Fund compliments the resilience of the South Korean economy against various economic crises, citing low state debt and high fiscal reserves that can quickly be mobilized to address financial emergencies. [33][35] In 108 BCE, the Han dynasty defeated Wiman Joseon and installed four commanderies in the northern Korean peninsula. Speed skating and figure skating are also popular, and ice hockey is an emerging sport, with Anyang Halla winning their first ever Asia League Ice Hockey title in March 2010. ", "At least 153 killed in crowd crush during Halloween festivities in Seoul", "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm", "Korea National Park Service official site", "Letter to Lee administration: Save the Songdo Tidal Flat", South Korea Boosts Renewable-Energy Investments by 60%, R&D status and prospects on fuel cells in Korea, Renewable Energy Policy Mechanisms by Paul Gipe, "Jobs come first in South Korea's ambitious 'Green New Deal' climate plan", "Moon vows to shut down 30 more coal plants to bring cleaner air and battle climate change", "Seoul City holds second Arisu Festival to show tap water is safe to drink", "Seoul Metropolitan Government "A Clean, Attractive & Global City, Seoul! Soups are also a common part of a Korean meal and are served as part of the main course rather than at the beginning or the end of the meal. [339], Following cyberattacks in the first half of 2013, whereby government, news-media, television station, and bank websites were compromised, the national government committed to the training of 5,000 new cybersecurity experts by 2017. and sharing the land border with North Korea and Jeju. ", "Can South Korean Startups (and the government) Save its Flailing Giant Tech Conglomerates? [198] In 2017, the country ranked fifth for the percentage of 25 to 64 year old's that have attained tertiary education with 47.7 percent. Both North and South Korea claim complete sovereignty over the entire peninsula and outlying islands. South Korea has today the infrastructures to meet a density of population and culture that has the capability to create strong local particularity. [209] The number of Protestants has been stagnant throughout the 1990s and the 2000s, but increased to a peak level throughout the 2010s. The president is elected for a five-year term by the people. [149], In April 2016, South Korea's population was estimated to be around 50.8 million by National Statistical Office, with continuing decline of working age population and total fertility rate. [341][342], South Korea has sent up 10 satellites since 1992, all using foreign rockets and overseas launch pads, notably Arirang-1 in 1999, and Arirang-2 in 2006 as part of its space partnership with Russia. [375], Korean traditional architecture is characterized by its harmony with nature. A recent agreement with Novavax expands its production for a second vaccine to 40 million doses in 2022, with a $450 million investment in domestic and overseas facilities. Innovation is Everywhere", "South Korean war on 'fake news' raises concern of censorship", "Is South Korea Sliding Toward Digital Dictatorship? Eligibility for the national pension scheme is not dependent on income but on age and residence, where those between the ages of 18 to 59 are covered. [158] The capital city of Seoul is also the country's largest city and chief industrial center. Ingredients and dishes vary by province. [371] The Olympic Sculpture Garden in 1988, the transposition of the 1993 edition of the Whitney Biennial to Seoul,[372] the creation of the Gwangju Biennale[373] and the Korean Pavilion at the Venice Biennale in 1995[374] were notable events. Although it was again returned to Korea along with the rest of its territory in 1951 with the signing of the Treaty of San Francisco, Japan does not recant on its claims that the Liancourt Rocks are Japanese territory. The unemployment rate in South Korea also remained low in 2009, at 3.6%. [235] While South Koreans use Han (or Hanguk) to refer to both Koreas collectively, North Koreans and ethnic Koreans living in China and Japan use the term Joseon instead. South Korea maintains diplomatic relations with more than 188 countries. . In 2010, that ceiling was 700,000 KRW for a single individual and 1,120,000 for a couple, equivalent to around $600.00 and $960.00. South Korea has a presidential system governed by a directly-elected president and a unicameral legislature, the National Assembly, in which various political parties Cabinet members are accountable only to the president. [205] Further criticism has been stemmed for causing labor shortages in various skilled blue collar labor and vocational occupations, where many go unfilled as the negative social stigma associated with vocational careers and not having a university degree continues to remain deep-rooted in South Korean society.[206][207][208]. It ranks nineteenth globally by Human Development Index, and has the third-highest life expectancy in the world. [209] In a 2012 survey, 52% declared themselves "religious", 31% said they were "not religious" and 15% identified themselves as "convinced atheists". Voluntarily insured persons are not subjected to mandatory coverage but can choose to be. If you decide to travel to South Korea: Read the Department of State's COVID-19 page before planning any international travel, and read the Embassy's COVID-19 page for country-specific COVID-19 information. Historical dramas have included Faith, Dae Jang Geum, The Legend, Dong Yi, Moon Embracing the Sun, Sungkyunkwan Scandal, Iljimae and Kingdom. [28][27] Conversely, the official name of North Korea in English, the "Democratic People's Republic of Korea", is a direct translation of the Korean name. During World WarII, more than 100,000 Koreans served in the Imperial Japanese Army. In 2007 there was a total of 18,367,000 insured individuals with only around 511,000 persons excluded from mandatory contribution. [197] The nation's high university entrance rate has created a highly skilled workforce, making South Korea among the most highly educated countries in the world with one of the highest percentages of its citizens holding a tertiary education degree. [137], In 2017, South Korea was the world's seventh largest emitter of carbon emissions and the fifth largest emitter per capita. After normalizing relations with the new Qing dynasty, Joseon experienced a nearly 200-year period of peace. [169] Fertility saw some modest increase afterwards,[170] but dropped to a new global low in 2017,[171] with fewer than 30,000 births per month for the first time since records began[172] and less than 1 child per woman in 2018. [14][15][16] The 10th-century kingdom of Goryeo succeeded Goguryeo,[17][18] and thus inherited its name, which was pronounced by the visiting Arab and Persian merchants as "Korea". Christianity's similarity to native religious narratives has been studied as another factor that contributed to its success in the peninsula. The US has over 23,000 troops stationed in South Korea, including the U.S. Eighth Army, Seventh Air Force, and U.S. On 1 January 2007, former South Korean Foreign Minister Ban Ki-moon served as UN Secretary-General from 2007 to 2016. When concerns arise at games time we look at them on a case-by-case basis. "Republic of Korea" and "Daehanminguk" redirect here. [30][31] The history of Korea begins with the founding of Joseon (also known as "Gojoseon", or Old Joseon, to differentiate it with the 14th century dynasty) in 2333BCE by Dangun, according to Korea's foundation mythology. [107], South Korea was formally invited to become a member of the United Nations in 1991. Following the surrender of Japan, in 1945, the "Republic of Korea" ( / , IPA: tanminuk, lit. [247] On 22 June, Moon Jae-in and Putin signed a document for foundation of free trade area. Since June, 2021 the United States has shared 1,412,800 safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine doses with the people of South Korea - free of cost. Memorial Day is celebrated on 6 June, and its purpose is to honor the men and women who died in South Korea's independence movement. [380] Contemporary architectural efforts have been constantly trying to balance the traditional philosophy of "harmony with nature" and the fast-paced urbanization that the country has been going through in recent years.[381]. [328] Basic old-age pension schemes covered individuals 65 years of age who earned below an amount set by presidential order. There followed a series of massive public demonstrations from November 2016[117] and she was removed from office. Korea Expressway Corporation operates the toll highways and service amenities en route. In addition to male conscription in South Korea's sovereign military, 1,800 Korean males are selected every year to serve 18 months in the KATUSA Program to further augment the United States Forces Korea (USFK). It has local governments that are granted autonomy and have their executive and legislative branches. yes South AFRICA is a sovereign state What contient is South. Under Japanese rule, the two names Han and Joseon coexisted. [59][60][61][62] Later Silla was a prosperous and wealthy country,[63] and its metropolitan capital of Gyeongju[64] was the fourth largest city in the world. Two rail lines, Gyeongui and Donghae Bukbu Line, to North Korea are now being reconnected. Liberation Day, on 15 August, celebrates Korea's liberation from the Empire of Japan in 1945. [44][45] In addition to contesting for control of the Korean Peninsula, Goguryeo had many military conflicts with various Chinese dynasties, most notably the GoguryeoSui War, in which Goguryeo defeated a huge force said to number over a million men. Until the 1990s, trot and traditional Korean folk based ballads dominated South Korean popular music. candidates are elected, while an additional 46 parliamentary seats are Naval Forces Korea. Korean art has been highly influenced by Buddhism and Confucianism, which can be seen in the many traditional paintings, sculptures, ceramics and the performing arts. There is heavy anti-Japanese sentiment in South Korea because of a number of unsettled Japanese-Korean disputes, many of which stem from the period of Japanese occupation after the Japanese annexation of Korea. This trend of net entry reversed over the next 40 years because of emigration, especially to North America through the United States and Canada. [264] It went into effect on 15 March 2012. [46] Baekje was a great maritime power;[47] its nautical skill, which made it the Phoenicia of East Asia, was instrumental in the dissemination of Buddhism throughout East Asia and continental culture to Japan. Meals consumed both by the royal family and ordinary Korean citizens have been regulated by a unique culture of etiquette. 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